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Demonstrating Ancient Brewing

Feel free to visit us at UCD this Thursday and Friday where we’ll be demonstrating our fulacht brewing.. We’ll have limited samples available. We bottled about 50 litres last weekend. The beer came out really clean and we previewed it to a few friends on Saturday night. The response was quite good. The bog myrtle seems to have balanced the barley really well, and if we’re careful when pouring there’s very little sediment. It settles out in the fridge to a bright orange colour, reminiscent of Fanta.

Tesco’s finest sparkling water was used to wash out our stones and the bottles recycled to contain the hot rock ale.

From left above, the bog myrtle used as flavour. Simply dropped into the plastic drum of wort wrapped in perforated cling film. Centre, the bottling plant, and right the final produce ready for shipping.

Fish needed!

Progress Report on Aquaponics

Things are moving slowly as we only have a few goldfish at this stage. Soon after adding the goldfish we went through the ‘pea soup’ phase as the tank was ‘bedding in’ making it impossible to see more than a few inches into the water. The plants in the grow bed turned yellow in some cases (lettuce) and purple in others (tomato & rocket), suffering from a lack of nutrients. The learning curve suddenly turned into a vertical climb as we learned about pH, nitrogen deficiency, iron deficiency, potassium deficiency etc.

Our first mistake – we didn’t test the water before filling the tanks. Our water comes from a local well, part of a small group water scheme supplying about a dozen houses and only chlorine is added; everything looked good! Fill the tanks and leave them for a few days to allow the chlorine to evaporate off then add fish.

Have you ever wondered what the pH of your drinking water is? Neither had we! Water percolates through limestone on it’s way to our well, increasing the pH of the water and causing several problems for an aquaponics system – most plants and fish do not like high pH, certainly not above 8 like ours is. The fish, I guess, don’t enjoy swimming in a mild alkaline solution, for the plants high pH effects the availability of nutrients (see figure below) in particular iron, manganese, copper and zinc. Without these the plants can’t grow and with the fish food and poo that was ending up in the water the algae were having a party, hence ‘pea soup’.

The solution? – Add iron and more nutrients for the plants – we don’t have enough fish yet to provide all the nitrogen that the plants require (a common comment on the backyard aquaponics forum in relation to plants that are suffering is ‘add more fish’). Iron sulphate available from your local garden centre will not cut the mustard; unfortunately it deposits out of solution at high pH’s – what we needed was chelated iron. A quick phone and internet search revealed that no-one in Galway stocks it, but we did eventually get in contact with a distributor of seaweed liquid extract (http://sea-nymph-ireland.com/) whose supplier was able to mix us up a special brew and they kindly donated a couple of litres to our trial.

The pea soup has gone the plants have perked up but we still need to add more fish. As for the pH problem we are collecting rain water and slowly diluting the tanks with it to reduce the pH.

The second edition of the Backyard Aquaponics Magazine is available over at Joels site now.

Next time: a step by step guide to building your own backyard aquaponics system.

Assemblage III

Gathering stuff from the blogworld/internets on Beer, Archaeology, the Environment, Aquaponics and anything else that strikes us as interesting, since May.

Julians suggestion that the EU offer us Ice Cream in order to ensure we (the Irish people, that is) back EU reform has been backed up by the chief foreign affairs columnist of the Financial Times. Julians gut feeling is for Strawberry flavour.

Our No vote has certainly elicited some strong responses from various European commentators with talk of revisiting the referendum starting almost immediately, but the pervasive feeling seems to be that that the best way to react to the crisis is to ignore it and proceed with ratification everywhere else… So we’ll do the same and leave our final comment on it to the end of this post.

Given that WAC 6 is just around the corner here’s a preview of some of the events and presentations (which will be both wide ranging and diverse) expected next week. There’s obviously far too much to include here, this is just a flavour..

First off – the Ironbridge Van excavation/In Transit presented by John Schofield (UK) with photographs by Urusula Frederick and Katie Hayne (Australia). The aim of ‘In Transit’ was to disassemble a transit van under forensic conditions and in an archaeological manner!

On Friday, there’s a session on Hot Rock Technology, which will include a presentation by Mick Monk of University College Cork entitled ‘Grain or no grain, will fulacht fiadh remain the same?’. In his abstract Mick states: ‘The genesis of this paper was a reply by the Irish Archaeobotanists Discussion Group to an inventive recent suggestion that Irish fulachta fiadh were used for brewing’.

Here’s the summary for the session –

Evidence of heating, or fire cracking of stones is common at a variety of archaeological site types, perhaps the most common being the enigmatic burnt stone mounds which are arguably one of the most common sites types in northwest Europe. The heating of stones as part of cooking is also well attested from the anthropological and ethnographic literature from many parts of the Globe. However, there are other possible uses of heated stones and other functions or meanings associated with exposing stones to fire. Despite the frequent occurrence of burnt of fire cracked stones on archaeological sites remarkably little is known about the process and its cultural associations. This session will explore hot stone technologies and associated archaeological artefacts and sites from the Palaeolithic to modern times and will include a wide variety of research questions from lithological/technological to culture and meaning.

It will also include presentations from John Ó Néill, John Tierney, Finn Delaney, Maurizio Toscano, Ellen O’Carroll , Lorna O’Donnell and Matthew Mossop among others.

Simon O’Dwyer will be playing and discussing ancient Irish musical instruments ranging from the late Bronze Age horns to the great Celtic trumpas (trumpaí?) of the middle Iron Age and Early Christian woodwind instruments.

There’s a good breakdown of the 1st ever WAC fringe over at the Newgrange.com website.

On other matters archaeological, Ancient World Bloggers point out a new Open Access Egyptology journal, and Paddy K hosts the 43rd Four Stone Hearth. Next one will be at Greg Ladens Blog.

On beer check out Celebrator Beer News, a California based, informal and fun internet TV beer news site with a weekly show about current news happening within the craft brew industry both in the US and worldwide. CBN Evening Brews is an offshoot of the Magazine – which is 20 years old.

LeCraic discusses Dublin’s revision of the bye-laws regarding public consumption of alcohol and asks the pertinent question – what is Perry? (it’s basically fermented pear juice – obviously a hugely popular beverage among the bush-drinking classes). He also draws attention to a new card operated service station on Inis Mór, with one tank earmarked for biofuels – when they become commercially viable on the island – and the pitfall of the ‘honour’ system.

More on the environment at Gristmill, where there’s a link to Adam Grossner’s brief TED talk, on his effort to create a refrigerator that doesn’t use electricity as well as a couple of posts which pretty much settle the case against John McCains new offshore oil drilling proposal – for me at least.

Clear environment point to new a new green performance label programme in Californa for every new car sold in the state (although I would think that something similar to Irelands new Tax regime might be a little more persuasive).

And back to Lisbon – Vincent Browne suggests in Wednesday’s Irish Times (subscription required) that there is no real impending crisis in the EU – that the existing treaties simply be amended now to avoid the crisis whereby the Commission becomes unconstitutional in 2009 if Lisbon isn’t passed (because the Nice Treaty requires that the Commission be reduced to 18 members), by simply amending the existing treaties to say the ‘the number of Commissioners shall be determined by the European Council acting unanimously’. Now that sounds eminently simple to me.

And finally, back to Julian, who gently berates Roger Cohen of the New York Times and International Herald Tribune, for his rather offensive response (‘The Muck of the Irish’) to our No vote. 280 comments at last count – Comment here on his blog if you wish – but as Julian points out – be polite, Mr. Cohen’s a good head and may just be a little misinformed on this one….

Final word to Julian (from his response to Roger Cohen): “No use pointing out that a narrow island – insula in Latin – can’t really help being narrowly insular?”

Weekend Brewing

In preparation for WAC 6 in UCD next week we’ve brewed up a fresh brew of our Ale for general sampling and consumption on the day. Our brand new, watertight (ish), portable (ish) Fulacht held out after application of a good coat of (non toxic) bitumen paint externally. Our original fulacht, an old cattle trough, is now enjoying it’s retirement as a plant bed in Billy’s yard.

In the original experiment last year, the fact that our fulacht wasn’t completely watertight didn’t really matter – we simply flooded the entire pit and were able to successfully recover sufficient liquid to make large volumes of beer – but given the fact that this fulacht has to travel we had to ensure that it will function anywhere. Last weekends brew came out very clean. We decided to build a little dam of hot stones in the fulacht and covered it with a sheet of muslin as a preliminary filter. The resulting wort was very clean and appears to have a lot less sediment than our earlier brews. We overfilled the fulacht a little with water so it’s probable we’ll have a slightly weaker brew this time round. Rather than complicate the taste, we decided that we’d only add bog myrtle this time – to balance the sweetness of the wort and produce a very simple plain ale. Hopefully it’ll be palatable, if not tasty. We used a regular bakers yeast this time and it took very quickly, all bubbling happily away in the sheds, busy fermenting what will hopefully be our cleanest, tastiest ale to date.

Hydrographic Surveys – New Toy

Posted by Eoghan, Moore Marine

Here’s some Humpback Whales cavorting in Monterey Bay last week; Recorded while ‘adventurising’ in the US.

Found throughout the world Humpbacks (Megaptera novaeangliae) feed mainly on Krill, a type of shrimp-like marine crustacean (from the Norwegian word krill meaning “young fry of fish”) and other small fish. The Humpback is a Baleen whale, typically identifiable by it’s knobbly head and long pectoral fins. As can be seen from the video it’s quite an acrobatic animal often to be seen slapping the water.

Humpbacks are also found around the coast of Ireland, generally heading north in Summer to feed in the nutrient rich polar waters, or heading south in the Winter to their tropical breeding grounds, during which period they live off their fat reserves. For more info on Whales in Irish waters see enfo’s site here.

Like other large whales, the humpback was and is a target for the whaling industry. In Irish waters, Norwegian whalers continued taking minke whales until as recently as 1976, when the Wildlife Act gave full protection to all our cetaceans, making whaling illegal in our waters.

The California trip did have a serious work related purpose, however – namely training up in the use of our new Hydrographic system.

We’ve just taken delivery of a new Odom Echotrac Hydrographic System (pictured below). This system will allow us to carry out detailed bathymetric surveys of rivers, lakes and the open sea. The ODOM system is highly portable and can operate in water depths as shallow as 0.2m. It can operate concurrently on two frequencies (one high and one low) and can also offer limited subsurface penetration. Data acquisition of the system can be carried out either through Odom’s own software or our own Hypack software.

The system will be very useful to clients for both archaeological and environmental surveys as it will generate 3 dimensional drawings of underwater survey areas. We already have a number of test runs organised for the unit. These will include Lough Atalia in Galway and portions of Kinsale Bay. We’ll post the results here in due course.

Odom Hydrographic System